As a coal based solid waste rich in silicon and aluminum oxides, utilization of coal gangue is crucial for the sustainable development of coal industry. In this study, grinding and integrated modification of calcined coal gangue and aluminate coupling agent to prepare of rubber reinforcement was proposed. and the influence of grinding time and the amount of modifier on the surface modification was investigated. Obtain ultrafine particles through air flow classification, the influence of modification or not and particle size on the reinforcing and filling properties of rubber was analyzed. The results showed that the best comprehensive modification effect was achieved when the time of ball milling was 30 minutes and the amount of aluminate coupling agent was 2%. The characteristic functional groups of aluminate coupling agent appeared on the surface of coal gangue. Compared with the commercial silica, the hardness and crosslinking density of the rubber filled with the air-flow graded modified filler are higher, the vulcanization performance is better, the tensile strength, elongation at break and permanent deformation at break of the rubber are reduced, and the fixed extension stress is increased. The particle size of fillers has a significant impact on rubber properties. The particle size distribution of the filler has an obvious on the properties of rubber, with the decrease of the particle size of the filler, the vulcanization property is improved, and the tensile property is also improved. The reinforcement performance of modified superfine coal gangue as filler is close to that of silica, which has the potential to replace silica.