In this paper, 129 Chinese traditional villages in Shanxi Province and 239 provincial traditional villages identified by the four national ministries and commissions were selected as research objects.The Arcgis 10.0 technology platform was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages in Shanxi Province.The study found that the traditional villages in Shanxi Province show strong agglomeration in spatial distribution and uneven distribution in all regions, with the highest concentration in southeastern Shanxi, followed by Jinzhong and Lyuliang along the Yellow River.The distribution of traditional villages in Shanxi has a high correlation with the special topography of Shanxi, the distribution of rivers, the post roads in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the border defense of the Great Wall, and the level of economic development in counties and cities.