With the decrease of leopard population, the state and society attach importance to the conservation of leopard.Individual identification of leopard is the basis for effective conservation of leopard populations.In this paper, deep learning was first applied to leopard identification.The leopard images from Shanxi Wocheng Institute of Ecological and Environment in 2010-2016 were given data cleaning and data preprocessing, getting 540 training pictures and 110 test pictures.On the basis of the Cifar-10 deep learning model, the \" Dropout\" model was used to prevent the training results from overfitting, the pooling methods were used for combined training to get a better deep learning model for individual identification of leopard.This deep learning model has the accuracy of 99.33%in individual identification of leopard, and can effectively realize the individual identification of leopard.