A method to quickly confirm the mechanical properties, constant stain rate method, was used to test the compacted loess and compare the results with those obtained by incremental loading test. Meanwhile, the electrical resistivity method was used to measure the electrical resistivity of the compacted loess, expectedly to explore the effects of strain and current frequency etc. on the electrical resistivity properties and analyze the structural variation of the compacted loess in the process of compression. The results show that the constant strain rate tests quickly obtained the compression curve and determine the compression parameters. When water content remained constant, the vertical electrical resistivity of the compacted loess decreased with the increase of strain and electrical current frequency, the horizontal electrical resistivity of the compacted loess decreased with the increase of strain, and the vertical electrical resistivity was larger than the horizontal electrical resistivity. In addition, the average structure factor and average shape factor bilinearly decreased with the increase of strain, suggesting decreased porosity, in-creased soil stability, and weaker cementation between soil particles. The anisotropic index first decreased and then tended to be stable, which indicates that the variation rates of the vertical and horizontal structure elements became identical. The change trend of structure parameters during compression reflects the variation of the structure of the compacted loess well, which can be used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the compacted loess.