【Purposes】 The rational design and regulation of the microstructure of electrode materials are the bases for significantly enhancing their electrochemical performance. 【Methods】 In this study, FeMo2S4 with a one-dimensional rod-like structure was synthesized by a solvent heat-calcination method and used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. 【Findings】 Compared with the irregular structured bulk electrode, the one-dimensional rod structure of FeMo2S4 reduces the ion/electron transport distance and improves the reaction kinetics. And the higher specific surface area provides abundant electrochemical active sites and increases the lithium storage capacity. The results show that the FeMo2S4 electrode has a high specific capacity (the initial discharge specific capacity and charge specific capacity are 1 201 and 976.2 mAh/g, respectively, at a current density of 0.5 A/g), good rate and cycling performance. 【Conclusions】 This study can provide guidance for the structural design and regulation of subsequent transition metal sulfide anode materials.