The surface of silica gel was modified with hydrochloric acid solution. Then, a series of AlCl3/silica gel catalysts were prepared by pressure loading method with the modified silica gel as the carrier and anhydrous AlCl3 as the active component precursor. By using a thiophene-benzene solution containing 1-hexene, 1-pentene, or styrene as a simulated solution, the effects of mass ratio of AlCl3 to silica gel carrier, hydrochloric acid treatment temperature and time on the desulfurization efficiency on AlCl3/silica gel catalyst were investigated, the effects of olefin type and content on thiophene conversion were studied, and the reuse performance of catalyst was tested. Results indicate that the ratio of AlCl3 to the carrier affected the content and form of the active component in the AlCl3/silica gel catalyst, thereby affecting the activity of the catalyst. The catalyst prepared by immersing the carrier in hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L for 12 h at 15 ℃, loading 2.5 g of active component AlCl3 per 10 g of carrier has the highest catalytic activity, and the conversion rate of thiophene is 97.66%. The type and content of olefins in the simulated solution are also important factors affecting the removal rate of thiophene, when the molar ratio of styrene to thiophene in coking benzene is 4, the conversion rate of thiophene reaches 88.30%. The performance of unregenerated AlCl3/silica gel catalyst reduces from 97.66% of fresh catalyst to 22.96% after the fifth use. Compared with that of the unregenerated catalyst, the thiophene conversion rate of the regenerated AlCl3/silica gel catalyst is still above 60% at fifth recycle.