In this paper, four control groups of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete shear walls were set up for proposed pseude static tests, and the modeling and analysis of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete shear walls were conducted with ANSYS finite element analysis software to study the seismic performance of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete shear walls. By comparing the stress cloud map of shear wall elements under low circumferential reciprocal loads and that of reinforcement Mises, the test results were combined with the simulation analysis to investigate in depth the effects of axial compression ratio, shear-to-span ratio, dark column reinforcement ratio, and stirrup constraint on the seismic performance of shear walls. The results show that: the concrete and reinforcement calculation model used in the simulation is a more reliable calculation model because the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values and the deviation does not exceed 10%; the maximum bearing capacity of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete is 1.2%-4.7% higher than that of normal concrete, and the ductility coefficient of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete is 5.1%-12.8% higher than that of normal concrete depending on different shear-span ratios, which has good seismic performance. High shear-to-span ratio members have better seismic performance, and the degree of influence of shear-to-span ratio on the structure is greater in the pre-loading period than in the post-loading period; the increase of bearing capacity in the process of axial compression ratio from 0.14 to 0.3 is about 35%, but the increase of bearing capacity makes the ductility and seismic capacity of the members decrease; the increase of dark column reinforcement rate makes the members effectively improve the ductility and seismic capacity of the concrete members.