On the basis of the fractal theory, the fractal structure characteristics and mechanical stability of 65Mn superhydrophobic surface after laser texturing were studied. 65Mn was used as the base material, and a superhydrophobic surface with micro/nanocomposite structure was constructed by laser texturing and stearic acid modification. An orthogonal experiment was designed by selecting processing spacing, scanning speed, and repeated scanning time. The roughness and irregularity of different areas of sample surface are similar, with typical fractal structure characteristics. FESEM and EDS were used to analyze the surface micromorphology and chemical composition of samples. The contact angle (CA), sliding angle (SA), and fractal dimension of 65Mn sample before and after sandpaper abrasion of treated 65Mn sample were measured and calculated on a contact angle measuring instrument and MATLAB, respectively. The optimal level of each parameter was obtained as the machining spacing of 0.05 mm, the scanning speed of 200 mm/s, and the repeated scanning of 3 times. The fractal dimension of excellent level 65Mn sample surface is the maximum value of 2.587 5, and the CA is also the maximum value of 154.19°. When the fractal dimension of sample surface reaches the minimum value of 2.559 1, the CA of sample surface is reduced to the minimum value of 151.19°. With 5 kPa load and sandpaper, the wear test of excellent level 65Mn sample was conducted. Compared with control sample, excellent level 65Mn sample still maintained the largest CA (145.51°) and the smallest SA (34.77°). The surface fractal dimension can be used to evaluate the superhydrophobic properties of 65Mn sample surface. The more obvious the surface fractal structure, the larger the fractal dimension and the corresponding CA. The surface fractal dimension can also be used to evaluate the mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic surface of 65Mn sample. The larger the fractal dimension of sample surface, the more complete the fractal structure retained and the larger the corresponding CA after sandpaper abrasion. The fractal structure effectively improves the mechanical stability of 65Mn sample surface.