Aiming at the gusset joints of the proposed aluminum alloy reticulated shell structure connected by stainless steel bolts, 90 finite element models of shear specimens of aluminum-aluminum and steel-aluminum were analyzed. Their weak parts and the effects of 9 kinds of pretension force P and 5 kinds of slip coefficient μ on the shear resistance property of stainless steel bolted connection were obtained. According to the force transfer characteristics and interfering factors of shear specimens analyzed by finite element models, 12 pieces of aluminum-aluminum and steel-aluminum were tested, when P was 43 kN or 0 kN. Anodic films on aluminum alloys and rust-free surface on steel specimens obtained by wire brush were directly used as the contact surface. The load-displacement curves, slip coefficients, slip loads, and ultimate bearing capacity were obtained and the test results were consistent with the conclusion of finite element analyses. After the analyses, the design value of the shear capacity and the corresponding deformation of ultimate capacity were got. The pretension forces and corresponding torque values of nearly 85 000 stainless steel bolts were given by considering the installation requirements.