After the occurrence of coal mine disaster, roadway collapse and accumulation often block the roadway and the rescue route. Under this condition, it is particularly difficult to excavate the rescue channel. In order to study the movement and deformation characteristics of the accumulation body and the mechanical mechanism between the accumulation body and the rescue channel in the process of rescue tunnel excavation, on the basis of expounding the arch effect, collapse phenomenon and self-organization characteristics of the accumulation body for the first time, the CDEM software was used to simulate the process of excavation of the rescue channel in the collapse accumulation body of mining roadway. It is found that in the process of rescue channel excavation, along with the random “self-organization” movement, there exist many “destruction-formation” processes of arch structure; The settlement and deformation of the accumulation body is in fact a process of the continuous collapse of old arch structure and the continuous formation of new arch structure; In the process of excavation of rescue passage, the force of the rescue channel is small at the beginning of excavation, then increases sharply, and finally tends to a stable equilibrium state; The adjustment form of accumulation fragments is mainly divided into horizontal movement adjustment, vertical movement adjustment, rotation movement adjustment, and multi-direction movement adjustment. The research conclusion has a certain guiding significance for the rescue channel excavation under the condition that the roadway is blocked by the burst accumulation body in a coal mine after rock burst disaster.